IPMAT Indore 2025 · Verbal Ability · Question 10

IPMAT Indore 2025 previous year question on Sentence Improvement, with the answer and a step-by-step solution.

Sentence ImprovementGrammerMultiple choiceMedium

Choose the option that best improves the underlined portion of the sentence.

Although the new policy aims to increase efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing employee satisfaction, some employees feel that the changes are too abrupt and poorly communicated.

  1. A
    increase efficiency, reducing the costs and enhanced employee satisfaction
  2. B
    increasing efficiency, reducing of costs, and enhancing of employee satisfaction
  3. C
    increase the efficiency, reduce the costs and enhancing employee satisfaction
  4. D
    increase efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance employee satisfaction
Pick an option, then check.
Answer & solution

Answer: Option D

The error is faulty parallelism. Items in a list joined by and must take the same grammatical form.

The sentence runs “aims to…”, so every item must be a bare infinitive following that single to:

\text{aims to}\underset{✓}{\underset{⏟}{\text{increase}}}\text{efficiency,}\underset{✓}{\underset{⏟}{\text{reduce}}}\text{costs, and}\underset{✓}{\underset{⏟}{\text{enhance}}}\text{employee satisfaction}

The original mixes an infinitive (increase) with two gerunds (reducing, enhancing).

Testing the options:

Option 1 — increase / reducing / enhanced: three different forms. ✗

Option 2 — all gerunds, which is internally consistent but cannot follow aims to; “reducing of costs” is also wrong. ✗

Option 3 — increase / reduce / enhancing: the third item breaks the pattern. ✗

Option 4 — increase / reduce / enhance: all bare infinitives. ✓

Answer: Option 4

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